Apparatus for silo construction.



A. E. MOORHEAD.

APPARATUS FOR SILO CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED mus. 1913. RENEWED FEB. 15.1916.

1 1 97,225 Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

4 SHEETSSHEET lf'mriz: r-arnww A. E. MOORHEAD.

APPARATUS FOR SILO CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED mmzs. 191a. RENEWED FEB. 15. 1916.

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A. E. MOORHEAD.

APPARATUS FOR SILO CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED mma. 1913. RENEWED FEB. 15,1916.

Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

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A. E.- MOORHEAD.

APPARATUS FOR SILO CONSTRUCTION.

APPUCATION men lAN.23| 191a. RENEWED FEB-15.1916.

l 9?,225 m Patented Sept. 5, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ALBERT E. MOORI-IEAD, OF ANDERSON, INDIANA.

APPARATUS FOR SILO CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 5, 19116.

Application filed January 23, 1913, Serial No. 743,880. Renewed February 15, 1916. Serial No. 78,548.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALBERT E. MOORHEAD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Anderson, in the county of Madison and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Silo Construction; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for molding Walls of concrete or similar mate rial.

The principal object of the invention is to provide a simple, economical and eflicient apparatus for molding walls of concrete.

Other and further objects of the invention will appear from an examination of the following description and claims and from an inspection of the accompanying drawings.

In an apparatus of the construction herein described, the inner and outer walls of the mold, which are formed of a series of sheets of metal or metallic plates, are securely held in proper position by means of distance pieces having shoulders in engagement with the inner surfaces of the opposite walls of the mold and having projecting end portions which extend through perforations in the sheets of which the walls of the mold are formed and through perforated washers or gusset plates which are removably secured to and form a connection between the adjacent mar ins or converging corner and marginal portions of the plates of which the walls are formed. The sheets or metallic plates of which the walls are formed are thus adapted to be secured together with facility and in such a manner as to enable a mold to be built in sections progressively. Metallic reinforcing material comprising circumferential or horizontal rods or reinforcing members and upright rods or reinforcing members of suitablelength to enable metallic reinforcing material or structure to be built in sections pro gressively, is placed between the walls of the mold during the building up of the lat ter, and the rods or reinforcing members are secured to the transverse distance pieces, or, by preference, interwoven in such a manner as to form a metallic network which, with the distance pieces, remains in thewall and forms a metallic reinforcement for the same when the wall is complete.

The apparatus constructed as shown in the accompanying drawings is particularly well adapted for use in building circular walls of concrete and the inner wall of the mold is connected at suitable intervals with a central standard or upright by means of radial links or connecting rods, the inner ends of which are connected with the central standard and the outer ends of which are removably connected with the inner wall in such a manner that the whole forms a structure or mold of .great rigidity and strength which is adapted to be built up in sections progressively with great facility and in such a manner that the sheets forming the lower sections or portions of the mold may be removed after the concrete therebetween has been allowed to set and without disturbing the sheets or mold plates which remain, thus enabling the removed sheets to be each placed in position to form I an upper or higher section of the mold as the construction of the wall and the forming of the mold progressively in sections continues.

The invention consists in the features, combinations, and details of construction herein described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in central vertical section of an apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention and improvements, and show ing a partially completed concrete wall as it would appear during the process of construction in accordance with my improvements; Fig. 2, a view in horizontal section taken on line 2 of Fig. 1; Fig 3, an enlarged detail view in section, showing a pair of the connecting outer washers or' plates and distance pieces or transverse shouldered bolts, by means of which the corners of the plates of the inner and outer walls of the mold are connected; Fig. 4, a similar view showing a distance piece or transverse bolt having an elongated central opening adapted to receive the overlapping portions of the upright reinforcing rods; Fig. 5, an enlarged detail view in vertical section of a portion of the mold, show ing the same as it would appear with a row or series of inner and outer mold plates removed, and showing the manner of connecting the radial arms of the inner framework with the distance pieces or transverse bolts when the parts are removed; Fig. 6, an enlarged View in detail of one of the washers or plates for connecting the corners or converging marginal portions of the mold plates; Fig. 7, a side view of the connecting plate or washer shown in Fig. 6; Fig. 8, a view in detail, partly in section, of one of the telescoping connecting arms or rods shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 9, a detail view in vertical section showing a portion of the concrete wall with the mold plates removed therefrom, and showing the means for connecting the telescoping rods or armssuch as the one shown in Fig. 8with the distance piece or transverse bolt forming a part of the metallic reinforcement of the wall after the mo d plates have been removed therefrom; Fig. 10, an enlarged detail view in section of the scaffold shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 11, a detail view showing a modification of the arrangement and manner of connecting the reinforcing rods with the transverse distance pieces or bolts, and showing the transverse bolts or distance pieces through which the vertical metallic rods eX- tend arranged directly over each other or in superposed relation; Fig. 12, a detail view of a modification of the metallic rods and transverse distance pieces or bolts, showing the horizontal or circumferential rods extending through the transverse distance pieces or bolts; Fig. 13, a detail view of a portion of one of the walls of a mold, showing removable battens or overlapping strips extending along adjacent margins of the metallic sheets so as to cover the scams or apertures therebetween, and showing a modified form of washer or connecting corner gusset plate adapted to be used in connection with such battens or strips; Fig. 14, a detail view in section of the modified form of corner gusset plate or washer shown in Fig. 13; Fig. 15, a side view of the washer or connecting plate shown in Fig. 1 1; Fig. 16, a plan view of the inner and outer walls of a mold having 8 sheets or plates in each row of each wall; and Fig. 17, a similar view of the inner and outer walls of a mold having 10 sheets in each row, the sheets being of such length as to enable the same sheets to be used in forms for silos or circular structures of different diameters and having walls the thickness of which is in proportion to the diameter.

In constructing a mold or apparatus for molding concrete walls in accordance with my invention and improvements, and in constructing a wall by means of such apparatus or mold, I provide a set of outer mold plates or metallic sheets a sufficient in number and of suitable dimensions to form the outer wall of a mold, and a set of metallic sheets or mold plates 1) sufficient in number and of such dimensions as to form the inner wall of the mold, the sheets of the inner and outer walls being, by preference, arranged in staggered relation to each other, respectively, or with the end margins of the sheets of each series or row of sheets in such position that they converge with the central side marginal portions of the sheets of the next adjacent rows. The outer and inner sheets or mold plates are each provided with apertures (Z at the respective corners thereof, and connecting clamping plates or washers a are mounted at the corners of the mold plates in engagement with the outer surfaces thereof and in position to overlap and connect the converging margins or adjacent corners of the plates, said connecting plates or washers being each provided with apertures f, as shown in Fig. 3, which are 1n position to register with the corresponding apertures d in the plates a and b, respectively. Transverse distance pieces or bolts 9 having end shoulders h which are adapted to engage the inner surfaces of the outer plates at and of the inner plates 1), respectively, extend across the space between the outer walls formed by the sheets or plates a and Z) in position to connect the corners of said plates or sheets and securely hold the same the desired distance from each other. The outer end portions 2' of these distance pieces or transverse bolts are threaded and are of smaller dimensions than the main body portions thereof and are adapted to extend through the apertures d in the plates a and 7), respectively, and through the apertures f in the connect-' ing washers or gusset plates 6 and are connected with said washers or gusset plates 6 by means of nuts 7' which are mounted in position to engage the outer surfaces of the plates or washers e and in threaded engagement with said threaded projecting portions 2' of the distance pieces or transverse bolts 9. There may be one of these distance pieces of transverse bolts 9 for each pair of washers or connecting gusset plates 0, and relatively short bolts (see Figs. 3 and 4) are mount ed in the apertures f of the respective washers or removable, connecting gusset plates 6 which remain after a sufficient number of the distance pieces or bolts 9 have been employed to provide the required rigidity and strength and the required number of connections between the outer and inner walls of the mold. Each of the bolts 70 is provided with a nut in threaded engagement with the outer end thereof, the inner ends of the bolts 7: being, by preference, headed and countersunk so as to be flush with the inner face of the mold plates in which they are mounted.

There is, by preference, one of the distance pieces or transverse bolts 9 for each pair of connecting washers or gusset plates 0 or one for each point at which the ends of any given series or row of plates converge with the side marginal portions of the next adjacent series or row of plates. Suitable metallic reinforcing material, by preference in the form of upright rods m and horizontal or circumferential rods 71 secured to the distance pieces or transverse bolts 9 and held in place thereby between the inner and outer walls of the mold, forms a structure or network of interwoven metallic material which with the distance pieces or bolts remains in the wall when complete and forms a metallic reinforcing structure the interwoven vertical and horizontal rods of which are held in place by the distance pieces or bolts 9 during the construction of the wall and after its completion. The bolts or distance pieces 9 thus form a part of the mold during the construction of the wall and form a part of the wall or metallic reinforcing material for the concrete when the wall is complete.

In order to enable the reinforcing members or rods m and n to be connected with the distance pieces or transverse bolts 9 in a simple and eflicient manner, the bolts are provided with apertures through the central portions thereof adapted to receive either the upright rods m or the horizontal rods 72, as desired. In the structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the rods we extend through the apertures in the distance pieces or bolts 9, such of the bolts as occur where the rods m overlap being provided with an elongated opening 0, as shown in Fig. 4, adapted to receive the overlapping portions of a plurality of the rods m, and such distance pieces or bolts 9 as occur intermediate the overlapping end portions of the rods m are provided with an opening 3; which may be of such dimensions as to admit a single rod m, the horizontal or circumferential rods n being, by preference, woven between the upright rods m,'or so arranged as to pass on opposite sides of each of said rods m alternately, thus forming a network of metallic rods which are connected by means of the distance pieces 9.

It will be readily understood that the horizontal or circumferential rods n may be passed through the openings in the distance pieces 9, as indicated in Fig. 12, and that the distance pieces 9 may be inserted through the openings 9 at or near the longitudinal centers of the plates a and b, respectively, so as to be directly over each other, as indicated in Fig. 11, when desired.

In order to render the seams between the sheets a and Z) of the inner and outer walls of the mold as tight as possible, battens or overlapping strips 1, of suitable material which may be either Wood or metal as desired, are provided, as shown in Fig. 13, and are mounted in position to extend along and overlap adjacent longitudinal margins of the metallic sheets or strips of which the walls of the mold are formed, and similar battens or overlapping strips 8 are mounted in position to overlap the adjacent end margins of the sheets of which the walls of the mold are formed, and when these battens or strips are used connecting gusset plates or washers t, are used which may correspond in all respects with the plates or washers 6, already described, with the exception that the plates or washers t are, by preference, provided with slots u for admitting the ends of the battens or strips 7' and s, respectively. Either of the strips 8 or the strips 7*, as desired, may be made integral with the plates t, although for the sake of economy of construction and convenience and in order to enable the plates to be adaptable to all conditions, the battens or strips 1" and s and washers or plates 23 are, by preference, made in separate parts.

The mold or apparatus shown in the drawings is cylindrical and is adapted to be used in constructing or molding walls of a cylindrical structure such as a silo formed of concrete or similar material and which may be of any desired height or dimensions. This apparatus or mold comprises annular outer walls formed of metallic plates at and inner annular walls formed of plates 6, as already described, there being, by preference, an equal number of plates in each series or circumferential row of inner and outer walls, respectively, as hereinafter more particularly described. An upright standard or column 1), which is mounted at the center of the mold or apparatus, is, by preference, of tubular construction and may be formed of a series of pipe sections, the ends of which are secured together by means of central plugs or connecting pins w each fixed to the end of one of the sections and extending into the hollow end of the next adjacent section so as to form a strong rigid joint or connection between the sections adapted to enable the same to be readily assembled or taken apart. There may be one of these plugs for each section and each plug may be rigidly secured in position by means of a transverse securing pin y which extends through a suitable transverse perforation in the plug and has its outer ends inserted into perforations in an annular collar 2 which encircles and reinforces the end of the pipe section or tube to which it is secured by the pin 1, or in any desired manner. The opposite end of the plug is secured to the other pipe section into which it extends, by means of a transverse securing pin 2 which extends through a transverse perforation 3 in the plug and through the suitably perforated walls of the last men tioned tube or pipe section. The standard is supported by a suitable base 4 which may be of any desired form and is provided with a series of collars 5 having hubs 6 and arranged upon. the standard or column 71 in superposed relation to each other. These collars may be secured to the standard or upright column by means of the pins 2, already described, said pins being adapted to extend through suitable transverse perforations in the hub 6 and through corresponding transverse or radial perforations 7 in the standard or column, the latter being provided with a series of such perforations adapted to enable the collars 5 to be adjusted to any desired position longitudinally of the standard or column. Telescopend of each radial tie-rod or brace is connected with the corresponding collar 5of the standard or central upright shaft, by means of a hooked end portion 12 of such radial connecting rod or brace-said hooked portion being inserted into an aperture 13 in the collar 5. The inner and outer telescoping members 8 and 9 of these tie-rods or braces are adapted to be secured in fixed relation to each other by means of a setscrew 1 1 which is mounted in threaded engagement with a collar or annular sleeve portion 15 of the tubular or outer telescoping member 8 of the respective tie-rods, and

adapted to engage the inner member 9 so as to hold the same in any desired position to which it is adjusted. The tie-rods may thus be so adjusted as to be of any desired length to correspond with the dimensions of the annular wall of the silo or other cylindrical structure to be constructed, and they serve to connect the inner annular walls of the mold with the standard or central vertical column and together with the standard or column and the collars 5, the tie-rods also serve to connect diametrically opposite portions of the inner annular walls of the mold in such a manner as to render the structure or mold very strong and rigid. Any desired one or more of the connecting rods may be shortened or lengthened as required for the purpose of rendering the annular wall portions affected thereby perfectly rigid. The outer annular walls being held in fixed relation to the inner annular walls 1 as described, it follows that they are also securely and rigidly held in place and that the standard or central vertical column and the annular walls are so connected as to form a rigid structure and enable the required strength of the structure or mold to be obtained with the minimum weight of material.

The standard or central column '0, being securely and rigidly held in place by means of the walls of the mold and the radial connecting rods, is adapted to form a strong, simple and efiicient device by means of which material to be used in the course of construction of the mold or the walls to be formed by the mold may be elevated or raised and lowered as required. In order to enable this to be accomplished, the standard is provided with transverse telescoping or extensible and collapsible arms, each comprising an outer telescoping or tubular member 16 the inner ends of which are connected with the upper portion of the standard or central shaft and the outer hollow ends of which are provided with rods 17 slidably mounted therein and adapted to be secured in fixed relation to the tubular member 16 by means of set-screws 18 mounted in threaded engagement with collars 19 upon the ends of the tubular members and adapted to engage and securely hold the projecting end portions 17 of the telescoping arms in any position to which they may be adjusted. The telescoping arms are strengthened and the outer portions thereof supported by means of inclined tie-rods or braces 20 the outer ends of which are connected with the outer end portions of the tubular telescoping members 16 by means of eyes 21 upon the collars 19 and hooks 22 upon the rods 20 and which are inserted through the eyes 21, as indicated in Fig. 1, the opposite hooked end portions 23 of said tie-rods being connected with the upper end of an upwardly projecting section or portion 24 of the standard, by means of an eye 25 upon the standard and through which said hooked end portions 28 of said tie-rods or braces extend. These tie-rods or braces 20 may be made in two parts the inner ad acent ends of which are threaded and upon and in threaded engagement with which a turn buckle 26 is mounted. The laterally projecting arms comprising the telescoping members 16 and 17 are thus adapted to be extended or collapsed to correspond with the diameter or dimensions of the mold or structure, and the members 17 are provided with eyes 27, or other suitable means for supporting cables, pulleys or other devices, for raising or lowering material to be used in the construction of the mold or the walls to be formed within the mold. Suitable scaffolds comprising brackets 28 are mounted on the exterior of the mold by means of vertical end portions 29 and 30 adapted to be inserted into the eyes 10 of the outer washers or connecting plates 6, said brackets comprising horizontal metallic frame portions 31 upon which is laid a platform 32, as shown in Figs. 1 and 10. Upwardly projecting, sharp pointed spikes or bosses 33 mounted in the horizontal frame portions 31 of the brackets serve to securely hold the horizontal platform members in position. The scafiolds thus formed are adapted to be raised or lowered and removably secured in any desired position and at any desired elevation by inserting the vertical end portions 29 and 30 of the brackets in the required eyes 10, or, in other words, by connecting the brackets with the required plates or washers e by means of the eyes 10. The radial connecting rods comprising the telescoping members 8 and 9, already described, are adapted to form supports for scaffolds located on the inside of the inner walls of the mold.

From the foregoing description it will be readily seen that a mold constructed as described is adapted to enable one or more of the lower tiers or circumferential rows of mold plates or sheets which form the inner and outer walls of the mold to be removed, as indicated in Fig. 5, while other members or sections of the mold above the series or row thus to be removed remain in position. Plates thus removed after the concrete or material located therebetween has been allowed to set may be placed in position above the sheets or mold plates which remain and may be secured in position by means of the transverse distance pieces or bolts and the outer washers or plates 6, as already described, and by having the upright metallic reinforcing members or rods m of the desired length the mold may be build up or advanced section by section progressively to any desired extent, and the wall may be formed in a step-by-step manner or section by section progressively by pouring the cement between the walls of the mold and allowing the same to set and afterward romoving the lower sections or mold plates and placing them in position above the remaining sections series by series or section by section progressively, as already suggested.

lln order to provide means for securely holding the central standard or upright shaft 42 in position, after any desired number of the plates have been thus removed, a suitable number of threaded nuts or caps 34: are provided each having a threaded socket portion adapted to engage the threaded end portion 71 of any desired one or more of the transverse distance members 9. Each of these threaded caps or nuts 34 is provided with a loop or eye 35, and after the mold plates 7) engaged by the distance pieces 9 to which said threaded caps are to be secured have been removed, the caps 34 are placed upon the required distance pieces, as indicated in Fig. 9, and the hooked portion 11 of the corresponding radial connecting rods or telescoping members 9 are inserted in the eyes of the caps, the hooked end portions 12 of the radial connecting rods being secured to the collars 5 in the manner already described. The standard is thus securely held in upright position after any desired number of the mold plates have been removed.

It is very desirable to provide inner and outer plates for the inner and outer walls of the mold, respectively, which are of such length that the same plates may be used for constructing silos or structures having circular walls of various dimensions or diameters and the walls of which have the desired thickness, by simply utilizing a greater or less number of such mold plates or sheets according to the diameter or dimensions of the mold or walls to be constructed. In order to enable this to be accomplished in such a manner that all of the plates which are to be used for the inner wall of such molds of different diameters may be of equal dimensions, and all of the plates to be used for the outer walls of such molds of different dimensions may be of equal length or dimensions, the plates for the inner and outer walls, respectively, are made of such length that the same number of plates is used in each series or circumferential row in both the inner and outer walls and the difference in length of the plates of the inner and outer walls of the mold, respectively, is such that when an equal number of plates is thus used in each series or circumferential row of the inner and outer walls, respectively, the distance between the Walls of the mold will correspond with the desired thickness of the cement wall to be formed. The difierence in the length of the plates used in the building up of the inside forms and the length of the plates used in building the outside forms is such as to make the thickness of the concrete wall or the space between the inside plates and the outside plates directly proportional or bear a fixed relation or ratio to the inside diameter, and the outside diameter as well of such structures.

The theory of the construction shown in the drawings, and as illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17, may be expressed mathematically as follows: If D is the diameter of the inside circular form and S is the space between the inside form or sheet iron plates and the outside form or sheet iron plates, then D plus 28 will be the diameter of the outside form. As the interior diameter increases,

S, or the space between the inside plates and outside plates, increases in directly the same proportion.

The circumference of the inside circular form will be Pi, or 3.14159, times D while the circumference of the outside form will constantly be Pi, or 3.14159, times (D plus 28). The circumference of the inside form is divided up into the desired number of however, being longer than the inside plates;

this difierence in length of the outside plates and inside plates being suflicient in all sizes ofstructures to provide the space between plates or thickness of the concrete wall desired (see Figs. 1, 2,1,6 and 17). By adopting this type of construction there can never be confusion in the use of. plates for the insideforms as contrasted with the use of the plates for the outside forms, as all of the plates used for the inside forms have one length and all of the plates used for the outside forms have a length greater than that of the inside forms. By adopting this type of construction it is evident that the volume of the circular walls of such structures will increase directly in proportion to the volume or capacity of such structures for I any given height.

It is not my intention to limit myself to any particular length of either inside plates or outside plates or any particular space between inside forms and'outside forms, as the length and number of plates for the inside forms as Well as the length and same number of plates for the outside forms may be subject to modification as desired; similarlythe space between the inside forms and outside forms may be modified as desired. By making the length of the inside plates as compared with the length of the outside plates such that with the same number of plates used on the inside forms as are used on'the outside forms the space between the two sets of plates or thickness of the completed concrete wall will be increased directly in proportion to the increase of the inside diameter of the forms and resulting structures.

The convenience of using sheet iron forms as above described makes it possible to build such structures at a minimum of cost and elimination of possible chance of mistake or confusion in the mixing of inside plates and outside plates in the construction of the forms. At the same time the thickness of wall is increased in proportion as the interior diameters of the structures are increased.

I claim:

1. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a mold comprising walls, each wall being formed of a plurality of wall sections, and means for connecting said walls and wall sections together comprising distance pieces, the extremities of each of said distance pieces projecting through apertures in the marginal portion of a wall section, a clamping plate adapted to be re- 'movably secured to the ends of each of said distance pieces in overlapping engagement with an adjacent wall section, said adjacent wall section being provided with means for removably attaching said clamping plate thereto, and each of said clamping plates being provided with an eye projecting outwardly therefrom. a

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a mold having inner and outer cylindric walls, each of said walls comprising a plurality of metallic wall sections, transverse distance pieces located between and having shoulder portions extending through perforations 1n the marginal portions of each of said. inner and outer walls, respectively, clamping plates mounted upon said opposite end portions of the transverse distance pieces and in overlapping relation with said adjacent wall sections and provided with perforations,

through one of which, the ends of the distance pieces extend, said adjacent wall sections being provided with a bolt extending through the other of the perforations of each of said clamping plates, nuts in threaded engagement with the ends of said distance pieces and said bolts, each of said plates being provided with an eye, and radial tie rods adapted to be removably secured to the eye of said plate and forming distance pieces, said distance pieces having opposite threaded end portions extending through perforations in said inner and. outer walls, respectively, clamping plates removably mounted at opposite ends of the transverse distance pieces and provided with perforations through which the ends of the distance pieces extend, threaded nuts adapted to be mounted in threaded engagement with the opposite ends of the distance pieces and in securing engagement with the clamping plates, radial tie-rods having end portions adapted to be connected with the inner wall of the mold, and means for removably securing the tie-rods to the inner ends of the distance pieces when the metallic sheets have been removed from the portion of the cement wall in which such distance pieces are located.

4. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination of a mold having inner and outer annular walls each formed of a multiplicity of metallic sheets, transverse distance pieces located between and in engagement with said walls, respectively, and

adapted to remain in the cement after the metallic sheets have been removed from the portion of the cement Wall containing such distance pieces, said distance pieces having opposite threaded end portions extending through perforations in said inner and outer Walls, respectively, clamping plates removably mounted at opposite ends of the transverse distance pieces and provided with perforations through Which the ends of the distance pieces extend, threaded nuts adapted to be mounted in threaded engagement With the opposite ends of the distance pieces and in securing engagement With the clamping plates, radial tie-rods having end portions adapted to be connected with the inner Wall of the mold, means for remov- Zopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the ably securing the tie-rods to the inner ends of the distance pieces When the metallic sheets have been removed from the portion of the cement Wall in Which such distance pieces are located, an upright standard encircled by the annular Walls of the mold, and means for connecting the inner ends of the tie-rods with the standard.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I afiiX my signature in the presence of tWo Witnesses this 16th day of January A. D. 1913.

ALBERT E. MOORHEAD.

Witnesses:

CHARLES A. PooLE, EUGENE C. WANN.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). 0. 

